The prevention and remediation of rail joint diseases begins with the following aspects:
(1) Strengthen the maintenance and fastening of rail joint parts and fasteners. Including the rail joints should always maintain a reasonable rail seam value; regularly check and re-tighten the high-strength bolts to keep the joint bolt torque above 500N·m; the splint and joint bolts are oiled to reduce the impact damage of the train; Larger than the standard can be arranged in the spring and autumn evenly uniform rail joints and work after the repeated tightening of the rail rail joints and sleeper fasteners.  
(2) Reasonable hoisting work. Due to the repeated impact load of the rail joint, the stress and vibration acceleration of the track bed at the joint is much higher than that of the non-jointed joint, so the joint track bed should have good tamping quality. The joints should be flattened and then occluded on all sides. Do not raise the joint to form a bulge. Especially for the low-buckle insulation joints, we must first clean the ballast bed, replace and replenish the new ballast, then replace the joint plate, replace the insulation joint (especially the two slots in the middle) Invalid insulation material, tight fastener bolts, can eliminate the high and low teeth of the insulation joint, and then octagonal occlusion.
(3) Remediation of the track bed at the joint. The rail joints are not only have a significantly reduced bearing capacity, but also have a greatly improved line stiffness, reduced vibration and vibration isolation performance, and the residual deformation of the line and the development of various diseases. Use the skylight to repair the bottom of the screen and replace it with a new one. Adjust the ballast grading of the joints, carefully select the ballast, replace it with small gravel of 20~40mm within the 5 hole of the joint, and strengthen the octagonal tamping to make the train load through the rail and sleeper uniform. Distributed to the roadbed through the track bed.
(4) Renovation of the rail surface. Uneven wear and falling of the rail end, the scratch is a huge additional impact of the rail joint in the operation of the locomotive, which causes the deformation of the line to be intensified and leads to further development of the disease. The joint rail surface must be repaired, sanded and repaired in time. Always tell the patrolman to observe whether it meets the standard and replace it every day. 
(5) Improve the elasticity of the under-cushion. After years of operation of the elastic cushion under the rail, the rubber mat will gradually harden, especially the mat of the joint part under the strong impact force. The elasticity is gradually reduced, and the pads of the four sleepers in the joint area should be replaced in time to restore the good elasticity of the track structure.
(6) In particular, the line after mechanical clearing must strengthen the joint maintenance: 1 to maintain the joint track geometry is good; 2 timely treatment of joints, knots, tumbling mud, improve the flexibility of the track bed; Gray, coal ash, ash, and the intrusion of sand, dust and external loose materials brought in by the wind, it is necessary to clean the screen in time; 3 timely sanding the saddle type, low-head buckle, welding the joint rail off the block, keeping the rail surface smooth After welding, the height of the weld repair part is not more than 0.5mm with a 1m long ruler. After grinding and grinding, the rail surface is flat, smooth and uniform.
(7) Handling rail misalignment: 1 For the first method of the rail surface high and low fault teeth, the wrong tooth piece can be used on both sides of the rail with two wrong pieces on the lower rail end of the splint and the rail lower jaw, or on the high side. The rails on both sides of the rail and the splint are placed on the wrong piece for remediation. The other is to loosen the joint and tap the joint pad horizontal pad. After the pad is finished, tighten the joint bolt and fastener. If the height of the wrong teeth is serious, the above method can be used to eliminate the treatment. 2 For the right and left wrong teeth, it can be solved by padding a wrong piece of teeth, or by double-layer spring washers and other washers. To tighten the joint bolt above, the clamp must be clamped tightly to secure the joint.
(8) Treatment of rail fat edge: Because there is a rail joint in the rail joint, and this is the weak point of the line, the impact of the train wheel at the place is large, and the rail joint is easy to cause crushing, so that the rail head becomes larger and the action edge is It is prone to a small section of rail fat and no other parts, making the track pitch rate seriously unsatisfactory and easily affecting the results of the track inspection vehicle and dynamic addition. It is also one of the main factors of artificially feeling the car, and should be timely Grind the angle grinder or remove it with tweezers. The fat edges of other parts are also polished in time using a sander.
(9) Keep the joints of the joints in the correct position, and the spacing of the sleepers must be calculated according to the number of configurations. If there is any skew, the sunroof should be repaired by using the skylight.
(10) Remediation of branch disease I believe that it is possible to use the reverse splint or replace two splints, diverting and bending the rails. The splint is reversed because the rail joint is inferior to the direction of the nozzle or joint due to the limitation of the factory process of the splint and the centrifugal force generated when the train passes on the small radius curve, and the hard bend of the rail and the splint is formed for a long time. Reversing the splint in the skylight point can make the splint form a triangular chamfer after the hard bend of the splint. In turn, it just pushes the rail joint outward and straightens it inward (if the spout is too strong, it can be added wrongly on the outside of the spout). The pad is between the splint and the rail in the middle of the joint). If you still can't, use the large nylon seat to change the direction. According to the degree of the mouth, the width of the outer track bed is appropriately increased, and the level of the bed is increased to increase the resistance of the track bed. Change the outer and outer splints at the nozzle, and use the reverse bending of the splint to control the joint nozzle. At the same time, in the dialing operation, the nozzle joint can only be pressed and cannot be picked. If you have to pick it up, you should use a small waist to move the connector. Do not directly push the connector to prevent the nozzle from expanding.
Of course: in order to eliminate the problem of rail joints, it is the best solution to lay a seamless line.